The number of somatic cells in goat milk is a key indicator for evaluating the quality of fresh goat milk and reflecting the health of the mammary glands of dairy goats. Abnormally elevated somatic cells can reduce the quality of goat milk and affect the economic benefits of dairy goat farming. It is an important signal of mammary gland health problems in dairy goats. In actual farming, the excessive somatic cells in goat milk are not caused by a single factor, but are the result of the combined effect of multiple factors.